Has digital overload made today鈥檚 generation of students stupid? Or, alternatively, do the 鈥渄igital kids鈥� have intellectual assets and skills that make them the smartest generation yet?
Two experts who have studied what is often called the 鈥渕illennial generation鈥濃�攑eople born from the mid-1980s to around 2000鈥攄ebated those questions here last week before about a hundred journalists, lobbyists, and education policy experts and researchers.
Speaking at a Sept. 29 luncheon hosted by the American Enterprise Institute, a Washington think tank, Mark Bauerlein, an English professor at Emory University in Atlanta, argued that students鈥� obsession with round-the-clock social networking and video games has led to a generation that is engaged only with itself, and that has abandoned serious leisure reading and in-depth understanding of important topics.
鈥淭he high school and college years, it鈥檚 a short period,鈥� said Mr. Bauerlein, a former research director at the National Endowment for the Arts. 鈥淚n spite of its brevity and dynamism, this is the most crucial intellectual stage in these young persons鈥� lives.鈥�
鈥楥rowding Out鈥� Mentors
The two speakers discussed their views with 91直播 reporter Andrew Trotter shortly after their Sept. 29 debate hosted by the American Enterprise Institute.
Mark Bauerlein
Neil Howe
This time of life, Mr. Bauerlein said, is young people鈥檚 鈥減recious鈥� chance to acquire the conceptual tools and background knowledge that will become the foundation for their intellectual lives, careers, and citizenship.
鈥淚f you don鈥檛 read the 鈥楧ivine Comedy鈥� and 鈥楳acbeth鈥� [then], you鈥檙e probably not going to,鈥� he said.
Mr. Bauerlein cited a raft of statistics from, among other sources, the National Assessment of Educational Progress and college-admission tests, to back up his argument that an intellectual decline has occurred.
One such statistic, an estimate based on a on participation in the arts and use of leisure time, is that the proportion of people ages 18 to 24 who said they read literature dropped by 28 percent from 1982 to 2002.
鈥淚n 1982, 18- to 24-year-olds formed one of the most active, avid reading groups in our country, but by 2002 they had become the least active, avid reading group,鈥� Mr. Bauerlein said.
As a consequence of young people鈥檚 immersion in technology, he said in an interview after the debate, 鈥渢een-to-teen contact is crowding out the voices of teachers, of parents, of ministers, of other mentors in their lives, and this pattern is keeping young people locked in youth concerns,鈥� at the expense of history, foreign affairs, politics, and fine arts.
Further effects, in his view, are spelled out in the title of his new book, The Dumbest Generation: How the Digital Age Stupefies Young Americans and Jeopardizes Our Future鈥擮r Don鈥檛 Trust Anyone Under 30.
Taking the opposing side was Neil Howe, a historian, economist, and demographer who also has published a book on the subject鈥�Millennials Rising: The Next Great Generation鈥攃o-written by William Strauss, a demographics consultant, and published in 2000.
Mr. Howe, the president of LifeCourse Associates, a consulting firm based in Great Falls, Va., reeled off statistics to show positive trends, such as the generation鈥檚 鈥渞eversal of self-destructive behaviors鈥� in youth pregnancy and substance abuse, and a sustained trend of rising scores on IQ tests.
Simpsons vs. Flintstones
Mr. Howe argued that young people鈥檚 leisure pursuits today are 鈥渕ore sophisticated鈥� than those of his generation, the baby boomers.
鈥淲e watched 鈥楪unsmoke,鈥� which has one plot,鈥� while the millennials watch multilayered dramas like 鈥淟aw and Order,鈥� Mr. Howe said. Today鈥檚 animated TV show 鈥淭he Simpsons鈥� and the video game SimCity are similarly more complex than the boomer fare of 鈥淭he Flintstones鈥� and the board game Monopoly, he said.
And in school, Mr. Howe said, 21st-century students take part in much more elaborate activities than did past generations鈥攃reating robots, writing software programs, and developing entries for science fairs that, at the top end at least, sometimes result in patentable innovations.
In follow-up comments, Mr. Bauerlein conceded that the current generation has 鈥渁 cohort of superkids out there pulling up the [Advanced Placement] scores,鈥� as well as some improvement in scores at the bottom achievement levels. But those increases, he said, mask declines in areas such as literature that cause him concern.
Mr. Bauerlein said that strong sales figures for children鈥檚 literature in recent years are due solely to the Harry Potter blockbusters and are not reflected in sales of other children鈥檚 books.
Both scholars agreed that the millennials show positive trends, such as lower rates of violent crime and greater professional ambitions.
They also agreed that today鈥檚 young people have greater access to cultural resources and information than any previous generation, thanks largely to the Internet.
A 鈥楥orrective鈥� Generation?
Mr. Howe admonished those who judge millennials harshly to avoid 鈥渕yths,鈥� such as the assumption that 鈥渧ideo games are making kids dumber.鈥�
He suggested that Mr. Bauerlein was trying to measure the millennials by a boomer yardstick. Generations do take on characteristics that reflect their times, and the millennials may have more in common with the 鈥淕I generation鈥� that fought in World War II, Mr. Howe said.
That generation, he said, had a new sense of optimism and collective purpose that he believes contrasted with the attitudes of the boomer generation that followed.
鈥淲e may be looking at a [millennial] generation very similar to the generation that raised us,鈥� Mr. Howe said of his fellow baby boomers. 鈥淭hey might be a corrective to us, as we were a corrective to our own parents.鈥�
Frederick M. Hess, the director of education policy studies at the aei, who moderated the debate, said that while the two speakers generally agreed on what the trends were, 鈥渨hat you heard from them are two perspectives on what is most important.鈥�
Mr. Howe presented 鈥渧ery much the pragmatic view鈥� that millennials can thrive with applied skills and problem-solving, Mr. Hess said, while Mr. Bauerlein 鈥渆mphasized the traditional notion of education as central to creating the whole person鈥� who is versed in the intellectual heritage of one鈥檚 society.
