For better or worse, a new technology is making its way from consumers鈥� homes into America鈥檚 classrooms: voice-controlled 鈥渟mart speaker鈥� systems from companies such as Amazon and Google.
The internet-enabled devices listen to what users say, send audio recordings to the cloud, translate that information into commands, and respond accordingly鈥攑roviding users with a personal digital voice assistant such as Amazon鈥檚 Alexa, which teachers are now using to help with everything from setting a classroom timer to leading a group of 3rd graders through a spelling test.
Groups such as the American Civil Liberties Union are raising alarms about privacy.
鈥淪hould students be required to submit themselves to always-on voice-tracking and other third-party surveillance in order to get an education?鈥� asked ACLU staff technologist Daniel Kahn Gillmor in an interview.
Still, the early K-12 adopters of smart speakers and digital voice assistants are generally enthusiastic.
鈥淚 absolutely loved using it,鈥� said Erin Ermis, a 5thgrade teacher at Spring Road Elementary in Neenah, Wisc., one of several educators who at the annual conference of the International Society for Technology in Education, being .
鈥淪he was like another person in our class,鈥� Ermis said in a pre-conference interview.
鈥楥an鈥檛 Teach a Class or Replace a Person鈥�
More than 1 in 10 American consumers now own an Amazon Echo, and 4 percent own a Google Home, according to a recent .
In the case of Amazon鈥檚 offerings, making extended use of the devices typically requires using third-party 鈥渟kills"鈥攅ssentially apps created by developers to allow the Echo to perform a wide range of functions.
So far, the types of classroom skills educators describe using are mostly rudimentary.
Ermis, for example, said she used her Echo Dot to set classroom reminders, so particular students would know when it was time for them to leave for band practice or take their daily medication.
She also used the device for classroom games, such as 20 Questions, and for whole-class practice with math skills such as multiplication.
Occasionally, Ermis said, she would also enlist Alexa鈥檚 help in small-group instruction. One example: performing the same role as parent volunteers who used to come into the class to help with spelling practice and tests.
鈥淪he certainly can鈥檛 teach a class or a replace a person,鈥� Ermis said of Amazon鈥檚 digital voice system. 鈥淏ut it was nice to know that those kids were on task, working on something I wanted them to be working on for those 10 or 15 minutes.鈥�
In his work with the 3,200-student Brookings School District, also , South Dakota State assistant professor Patrick Hales found similar patterns.
Eight of Hales鈥� graduate students鈥攁ll of whom were teachers, in grades ranging from kindergarten to high school鈥攙oluntarily tested Amazon Echo devices in their classrooms. They also went through a structured process of documenting and reflecting on the implementation process, including via interviews with their students.
Spelling help, games, and classroom-management activities were the most common uses by the teachers he worked with, Hales said. Some of their students found Alexa fun and engaging, others unhelpful or distracting. Children with speech difficulties were particularly likely to get frustrated with the device, which often had trouble understanding their questions. Noisy classroom environments and long-winded answers from Alexa were common challenges.
Hales said there was little evidence of the type of higher-order teaching-and-learning he had hoped to see, such as helping students to develop, refine, and ask better questions.
One of the most promising uses, he said, was in a high school German class, where the teacher used the device to provide students with a 鈥減roxy native speaker鈥� with whom they could practice both speaking and listening to a language they were just learning.
Alexa-enabled devices and other smart speakers are 鈥渘ot necessarily a transformational tool,鈥� Hales said, and some of the third-party skills 鈥渁re kind of clunky.鈥�
鈥淚 don鈥檛 know that the Echo will be the end-all-be-all tool, but I do think voice-assistive technology of some kind will eventually be an important part of what some teachers do,鈥� he said.
Privacy Concerns
Not surprisingly, Amazon appears to have a more ambitious vision for its technology.
鈥淰oice-user interfaces such as Alexa can transform education,鈥� the . 鈥淲hether you are a student, professor, IT administrator, or ed-tech professional, Alexa can help you reimagine your world.鈥�
There are also signs of an education-focused third-party ecosystem starting to develop around the technology. The startup company , for example, has had an active presence at ISTE this week, running giveaways for Echo devices.
What if you had an Alexa in your classroom? Unlock new ways to manage your classroom and engage students. Retweet this an enter the 3 Echos in 3 days giveaway. And come see us at the startup pod!
-- ClassAlexa (@ClassAlexa)
Among the skills for educators that ClassAlexa advertises on its website are:
- 鈥淏rain breaks,鈥� featuring audio of Alexa leading students through a stretching activity
- Math and English language arts review questions
- Countdowns and timers
- 鈥淪ocial-emotional support,鈥� with audio of Alexa saying 鈥渋f you鈥檙e feeling angry, frustrated, or mad, then you are in the red. Let me try and help. Stay in this quiet place with me.鈥�
As such tools and teaching strategies gain visibility, they are likely to come under greater scrutiny.
91直播, for example, recently took an in-depth look at the use of digital technologies to monitor and mold students鈥� feelings鈥攁n issue of great concern to many parents.
And the ACLU is among the groups concerned about the privacy implications of bringing into the classroom what technologist Gillmor described as 鈥渁 complex computer, with microphones and potentially other sensors, that is connected to the internet and designed specifically with the goal of sending a lot of information to the device vendor.鈥�
K-12 educators, administrators, and policymakers should be mindful of a wide range of potential harms to students, Gillmor said.
Both Amazon and Google have a basic business model of collecting data on users to build profiles on them and target them with advertisements, he said.
The systems are hackable, he said, and there have been documented malfunctions, including a about an Amazon Echo improperly sending recordings of a Portland, Ore. couple鈥檚 conversations to one of their friends.
And then there鈥檚 the potential that and other information generated by the devices and stored by their parent companies.
Imagine, Gillmor said, an immigrant student whose parents are undocumented and subject to potential deportation. How might that child feel knowing that everything they say in their classroom is being recorded and stored on third-party servers that his school might have little control over?
鈥淲hen you make decisions about using these tools, you鈥檙e making them on behalf everyone in the room,鈥� Gillmor said by way of advice to K-12 leaders.
鈥淭hink about your most vulnerable, most marginalized students and the impact these kinds of surveillance technologies can have on them and their families.鈥�
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